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| Source: El País |
In 1991, Spain signed an agreement with some EC countries (France, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Italy to simplify the transit between borders.
Security measures were adopted following the Schengen agreement:
1) The Schengen Information System (SIS) was created: an international computerized database to store and share information on criminals and persons of interest.
2) Police could follow suspected criminals across borders for a certain distance, after which point domestic police would continue the search.
In 1995 the Schengen area was established and controls at the borders eliminated for EU nationals. Not all of the EU member states are in the Schengen area (for example Ireland and the United Kingdom are not in this area, so you need to go through an ID control at the borders).
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| Source: europa.eu |
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Sources:
-http://www.interior.gob.es/web/servicios-al-ciudadano/normativa/acuerdos-y-convenios/aplicacion-provisional-del-protocolo-de-adhesion-
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schengen_Area#Membership
-http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/schengen-and-free-movement-people-across-europe
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